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Read and Understand Dewey Decimal Classification System.

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Library classification organisation

"Dewey Decimal" redirects here. Not to be confused with Duodecimal.

A library bookshelf in Hong Kong classified using the New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries, an adaptation of the Dewey Classification Scheme

The Dewey Decimal Nomenclature (DDC), colloquially the Dewey Decimal Arrangement, is a proprietary library classification system which allows new books to exist added to a library in their appropriate location based on subject area. It was kickoff published in the United States past Melvil Dewey in 1876.[1] Originally described in a xl-four-page pamphlet, it has been expanded to multiple volumes and revised through 23 major editions, the latest printed in 2011. It is likewise available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries. OCLC, a non-turn a profit cooperative that serves libraries, currently maintains the system and licenses online access to WebDewey, a continuously updated version for catalogers.

The Decimal Classification introduced the concepts of relative location and relative index. Libraries previously had given books permanent shelf locations that were related to the order of acquisition rather than topic. The classification'south note makes use of iii-digit numbers for main classes, with fractional decimals allowing expansion for farther item. Numbers are flexible to the degree that they can be expanded in linear fashion to cover special aspects of general subjects.[2] A library assigns a classification number that unambiguously locates a particular volume in a position relative to other books in the library, on the ground of its subject. The number makes it possible to observe whatever book and to return it to its proper place on the library shelves.[Note i] The classification system is used in 200,000 libraries in at to the lowest degree 135 countries.[three] [4]

History [edit]

Melvil Dewey, the inventor of the Dewey Decimal classification

1873–1885: early evolution [edit]

Melvil Dewey (1851–1931) was an American librarian and self-declared reformer.[five] He was a founding fellow member of the American Library Association and can be credited with the promotion of card systems in libraries and business.[6] He developed the ideas for his library classification arrangement in 1873 while working at Amherst College library. He applied the classification to the books in that library, until in 1876 he had a first version of the classification. In 1876, he published the classification in pamphlet form with the title A Classification and Bailiwick Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library. [7] He used the pamphlet, published in more one version during the twelvemonth, to solicit comments from other librarians. Information technology is not known who received copies or how many commented as simply i re-create with comments has survived, that of Ernest Cushing Richardson.[8] His classification arrangement was mentioned in an article in the commencement issue of the Library Journal and in an article by Dewey in the Department of Education publication "Public Libraries in America" in 1876.[9] In March 1876, he practical for, and received, copyright on the kickoff edition of the index.[10] The edition was 44 pages in length, with two,000 index entries, and was printed in 200 copies.[11]

1885–1942: flow of adoption [edit]

1885 - Dewey Decimal Classification

The second edition of the Dewey Decimal organization, published in 1885 with the title Decimal Classification and Relativ Index for arranging, cataloging, and indexing public and individual libraries and for pamflets, clippings, notes, scrap books, index rerums, etc.,[Note ii] comprised 314 pages, with 10,000 index entries. Five hundred copies were produced.[11] Editions three–14, published betwixt 1888 and 1942, used a variant of this same title.[12] Dewey modified and expanded his system considerably for the 2nd edition. In an introduction to that edition Dewey states that "nearly 100 persons hav [spelling of 'have' per English language-language spelling reform, which Dewey championed] contributed criticisms and suggestions".[13]

One of the innovations of the Dewey Decimal system was that of positioning books on the shelves in relation to other books on like topics. When the arrangement was first introduced, most libraries in the U.s.a. used fixed positioning: each book was assigned a permanent shelf position based on the book'due south meridian and date of acquisition.[xiv] Library stacks were by and large closed to all only the most privileged patrons, then shelf browsing was non considered of importance. The apply of the Dewey Decimal arrangement increased during the early on 20th century as librarians were convinced of the advantages of relative positioning and of open shelf access for patrons.[xiv]

New editions were readied equally supplies of previously published editions were exhausted, even though some editions provided piddling modify from the previous, as they were primarily needed to fulfill demand.[15] In the next decade, three editions followed closely on: the 3rd (1888), fourth (1891), and 5th (1894). Editions six through 11 were published from 1899 to 1922. The 6th edition was published in a record 7,600 copies, although subsequent editions were much lower. During this time, the size of the volume grew, and edition 12 swelled to 1,243 pages, an increment of 25% over the previous edition.[16]

In response to the needs of smaller libraries which were finding the expanded classification schedules difficult to utilise, in 1894, the beginning abridged edition of the Dewey Decimal organization was produced.[14] The abridged edition more often than not parallels the total edition, and has been developed for most full editions since that date. By pop request, in 1930, the Library of Congress began to print Dewey Classification numbers on nearly all of its cards, thus making the system immediately bachelor to all libraries making use of the Library of Congress card sets.[17]

Dewey'southward was not the only library nomenclature bachelor, although it was the most consummate. Charles Ammi Cutter published the Expansive Nomenclature in 1882, with initial encouragement from Melvil Dewey. Cutter's system was non adopted by many libraries, with one major exception: it was used as the basis for the Library of Congress Classification system.[18]

In 1895, the International Institute of Bibliography, located in Belgium and led past Paul Otlet, contacted Dewey about the possibility of translating the classification into French, and using the classification organisation for bibliographies (every bit opposed to its utilise for books in libraries). This would have required some changes to the classification, which was under copyright. Dewey gave permission for the cosmos of a version intended for bibliographies, and as well for its translation into French. Dewey did non agree, withal, to allow the International Establish of Bibliography to later on create an English version of the resulting nomenclature, because that a violation of their agreement, as well equally a violation of Dewey's copyright. Shortly after Dewey'southward death in 1931, however, an agreement was reached between the commission overseeing the development of the Decimal Classification and the developers of the French Nomenclature Decimal. The English version was published as the Universal Decimal Classification and is all the same in utilize today.[xix]

Co-ordinate to a study done in 1927, the Dewey arrangement was used in the US in approximately 96% of responding public libraries and 89% of the college libraries.[xx] Afterward the death of Melvil Dewey in 1931, administration of the classification was nether the Decimal Nomenclature Commission of the Lake Placid Club Teaching Foundation, and the editorial trunk was the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee with participation of the American Library Association (ALA), Library of Congress, and Forest Press.[17] Past the 14th edition in 1942, the Dewey Decimal Classification index was over one,900 pages in length and was published in two volumes.[21]

1942–present: forging an identity [edit]

Children beingness taught the elevation-level categories of the Dewey Decimal Classification system at a library in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in the 1960s

The growth of the classification to date had led to significant criticism from medium and big libraries which were too large to utilise the abridged edition just found the full nomenclature overwhelming. Dewey had intended issuing the nomenclature in three editions: the library edition, which would be the fullest edition; the bibliographic edition, in English and French, which was to be used for the organization of bibliographies rather than of books on the shelf; and the abridged edition.[22] In 1933, the bibliographic edition became the Universal Decimal Classification, which left the library and abridged versions as the formal Dewey Decimal Classification editions. The 15th edition, edited by Milton Ferguson, implemented the growing concept of the "standard edition", designed for the majority of full general libraries only non attempting to satisfy the needs of the very largest or of special libraries.[23] It also reduced the size of the Dewey organization past over one-half, from i,900 to 700 pages. This revision was so radical that an advisory committee was formed right abroad for the 16th and 17th editions.[24] The 16th and 17th editions, under the editorship of the Library of Congress, grew again to two volumes. Nevertheless, by now, the Dewey Decimal arrangement had established itself as a classification for full general libraries, with the Library of Congress Classification having gained credence for large research libraries.[25]

The first electronic version of "Dewey" was created in 1993.[26] Hard-re-create editions continue to be issued at intervals; the online WebDewey and Abridged WebDewey are updated quarterly.[27]

Administration and publication [edit]

Dewey and a pocket-sized editorial staff managed the administration of the very early editions. Starting time in 1922, the Lake Placid Club Educational Foundation, a not-for-profit arrangement founded by Melvil Dewey, managed administrative affairs. The ALA set upward a Special Advisory Committee on the Decimal Classification every bit part of the Cataloging and Classification division of ALA in 1952. The previous Decimal Classification Committee was changed to the Decimal Nomenclature Editorial Policy Committee, with participation of the ALA Division of Cataloging and Classification, and of the Library of Congress.[28] [ need quotation to verify ]

Melvil Dewey edited the first three editions of the classification system and oversaw the revisions of all editions until his death in 1931. May Seymour became editor in 1891 and served until her decease in 1921. She was followed by Dorcas Fellows, who was editor until her death in 1938. Constantin J. Mazney edited the 14th edition. Milton Ferguson functioned every bit editor from 1949 to 1951. The 16th edition in 1958 was edited under an agreement between the Library of Congress and Forest Press, with David Haykin as director.[17] Editions sixteen–19 were edited by Benjamin A. Custer and the editor of edition twenty was John P. Comaromi. Joan Mitchell was editor until 2013, covering editions 21 to 23.[29] In 2013 Michael Panzer of OCLC became Editor-in-Chief.[30] The Dewey Editorial Plan Manager since 2022 has been Dr. Rebecca Green.[31]

Dewey himself held copyright in editions ane to 6 (1876–1919). Copyright in editions 7–10 was held past the publisher, The Library Agency.[32] On the expiry of May Seymour, Dewey conveyed the "copyrights and command of all editions" to the Lake Placid Guild Educational Foundation, a non-turn a profit chartered in 1922.[33] The Online Reckoner Library Center (OCLC) of Dublin, Ohio, US, caused the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification system when it bought Forest Press in 1988. In 2003 the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature came to the attention of the U.S. press when OCLC sued the Library Hotel for trademark infringement for using the nomenclature system as the hotel theme.[34] The instance was settled shortly thereafter.[35]

The OCLC has maintained the classification since 1988, and also publishes new editions of the system. The editorial staff responsible for updates is based partly at the Library of Congress and partly at OCLC. Their work is reviewed by the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee, a ten-fellow member international lath which meets twice each twelvemonth. The four-book unabridged edition was published approximately every six years, with the concluding edition (DDC 23) published in mid-2011.[36] In 2022 the editorial staff announced that the English edition of DDC volition no longer exist printed, in favor of using the frequently updated WebDewey.[37] An experimental version of Dewey in RDF was previously available at dewey.info start in 2009,[38] simply has non been available since 2015.[39]

In addition to the full version, a unmarried-volume abridged edition designed for libraries with 20,000 titles or fewer has been made available since 1895. The final printed English abridged edition, Abridged Edition 15, was published in early 2012.[xl]

Full edition Publication twelvemonth Abridged edition Publication year
1st 1876
2nd 1885
third 1888
4th 1891
5th 1894 1st 1895
sixth 1899
seventh 1911
8th 1913 2nd 1915
9th 1915
tenth 1919
11th 1922 3rd 1926
12th 1927 quaternary 1929
13th 1932 5th 1936
14th 1942 sixth 1945
15th 1951 7th 1953
16th 1958 8th 1959
17th 1965 9th 1965
18th 1971 10th 1971
19th 1979 11th 1979
20th 1989 12th 1990
21st 1996 13th 1997
22nd 2003 14th 2004
23rd 2011 15th 2012

Blueprint [edit]

The Dewey Decimal Classification organizes library materials by discipline or discipline. Main divisions include philosophy, social sciences, scientific discipline, technology, and history. The scheme comprises ten classes, each divided into 10 divisions, each having ten sections. The system'due south notation uses Indo-Standard arabic numbers, with iii whole numbers making upwards the chief classes and sub-classes and decimals designating further divisions. The classification structure is hierarchical and the note follows the same hierarchy. Libraries not needing the full level of detail of the classification can trim correct-most decimal digits from the class number to obtain more than general classifications.[41] For instance:

500 Natural sciences and mathematics
510 Mathematics
516 Geometry
516.3 Analytic geometries
516.37 Metric differential geometries
516.375 Finsler geometry

The classification was originally enumerative, meaning that it listed all of the classes explicitly in the schedules. Over time it added some aspects of a faceted classification scheme, allowing classifiers to construct a number by combining a course number for a topic with an entry from a separate table. Tables cover commonly used elements such as geographical and temporal aspects, linguistic communication, and bibliographic forms. For example, a grade number could be constructed using 330 for economics + .9 for geographic treatment + .04 for Europe to create the class 330.94 European economic system. Or ane could combine the class 973 (for the U.s.) + .05 (for periodical publications on the topic) to go far at the number 973.05 for periodicals concerning the United states of america generally. The classification besides makes use of mnemonics in some areas, such that the number 5 represents the country Italy in classification numbers like 945 (history of Italian republic), 450 (Italian language), 195 (Italian philosophy). The combination of faceting and mnemonics makes the classification synthetic in nature, with significant built into parts of the classification number.[42]

The Dewey Decimal Classification has a number for all subjects, including fiction, although many libraries maintain a separate fiction section shelved by alphabetical lodge of the author'southward surname. Each assigned number consists of ii parts: a course number (from the Dewey system) and a book number, which "prevents defoliation of different books on the same field of study".[seven] A mutual form of the book number is called a Cutter number, which represents the author and distinguishes the book from other books on the same topic.[43]

Classes [edit]

(From DDC 23[44])

  • 000 – Computer science, information and general works
  • 100 – Philosophy and psychology
  • 200 – Religion
  • 300 – Social sciences
  • 400 – Language
  • 500 – Pure Science
  • 600 – Technology
  • 700 – Arts and recreation
  • 800 – Literature
  • 900 – History and geography

Tables [edit]

(From DDC 23[44])

  • T1 Standard Subdivisions
  • T2 Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Biography
  • T3 Subdivisions for the Arts, for Individual Literatures, for Specific Literary Forms
    • T3A Subdivisions for Works past or most Private Authors
    • T3B Subdivisions for Works by or about More One Author
    • T3C Notation to Be Added Where Instructed in Table 3B, 700.four, 791.iv, 808–809
  • T4 Subdivisions of Individual Languages and Language Families
  • T5 Ethnic and National Groups
  • T6 Languages

Relative Index [edit]

The Relative Index (or, as Dewey spelled it, "Relativ Index") is an alphabetical index to the classification, for apply both by classifiers and past library users when seeking books by topic. The alphabetize was "relative" considering the index entries pointed to the form numbers, not to the page numbers of the printed classification schedule. In this style, the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature itself had the aforementioned relative positioning as the library shelf and could be used either as an entry betoken to the classification, past catalogers, or as an index to a Dewey-classed library itself.[45]

Influence and criticism [edit]

Dewey Decimal Nomenclature numbers formed the basis of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), which combines the bones Dewey numbers with selected punctuation marks (comma, colon, parentheses, etc.). Adaptations of the system for specific regions outside the English language-speaking earth include the Korean Decimal Nomenclature, the New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries, and the Nippon Decimal Nomenclature (Japanese).[46] [47]

Despite its widespread employ, the classification has been criticized for its complexity and its limited capability for subpoena. In particular, the arrangement of subheadings has been described every bit archaic and biased towards an Anglo-American world view.[48] [49] This is specially clear in the 800s section, in which well-nigh literature, particularly from outside the United States or Europe, is relegated to the 890s especially when assorted with the 900s—history. In 2007–08, the Maricopa County Library District in Arizona abandoned the DDC in favor of the Book Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) organisation commonly used by commercial bookstores,[50] in an try to make its libraries more accessible for their users. Several other libraries across the United States[51] and other countries (including Canada and holland) followed suit.[l] The DDC has also been criticized for beingness a proprietary organization licensed by a unmarried entity (OCLC), making information technology expensive to prefer.

All the same, volume classification critic Justin Newlan stands past the Dewey Decimal System, stating that newer and more than advanced book classification systems "are as well confusing to understand for newcomers".[52]

Treatment of homosexuality [edit]

In 1932, topics relating to homosexuality were showtime added to the organisation under 132 (mental derangements) and 159.9 (abnormal psychology). In 1952, homosexuality was also included under 301.424 (the study of sexes in society). In 1989, information technology was added to 363.49 (social problems), a classification that continues in the current edition.[53]

In 1996, homosexuality was added to 306.7 (sexual relations); this remains the preferred location in the current edition. Although books can also exist found under 616.8583 (sexual practices viewed as medical disorders), the official direction states:[53]

Use 616.8583 for homosexuality only when the work treats homosexuality as a medical disorder, or focuses on arguing confronting the views of those who consider homosexuality to exist a medical disorder. ... If in doubt, prefer a number other than 616.8583.

Treatment of faith [edit]

The top-level course for religion heavily favors Christianity, dedicating near all of the 200 division to it: the world's thousands of other religions were listed nether the 290s.[54] For case, Islam is under simply DDC 297, despite being virtually equally large as Christianity by population.[55] The unabridged 200 section has remained largely unchanged since DDC 1, since restructuring would pose a significant amount of work for existing libraries. The motivation for this change is ideological rather than technical, every bit appending significant figures can add space every bit needed.[56]

Handling of women [edit]

It has as well been argued[ by whom? ] that the placement of topics related to women shows implicit bias,[57] simply this has been simpler to address than the religion schema. Some changes made so far have been in numerical proximity,[58] altering the placement of topics relative to each other. For case, in older versions of the DDC, some categories regarding women were side by side to categories on etiquette;[58] the placement of these categories adjacent to each other imposed an clan of etiquette with women, rather than treating information technology as gender-neutral[ citation needed ]. This was changed in DDC version 17.[58]

See also [edit]

  • Books in the The states
  • Comparison of Dewey and Library of Congress subject area classification
  • Decimal volume department numbering

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Consider as an example a volume on the network protocol IPv6. Information technology will be located at 004.62, after full general networking books (004.6) merely before peripherals (004.7). It can thus exist placed on the shelf in the right location.
  2. ^ Note that the championship makes use of Dewey's "reformed spelling" in some areas.

References [edit]

  1. ^ Dewey, Melvil (1876), Nomenclature and Bailiwick Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library (Project Gutenberg eBook) , retrieved July 31, 2012
  2. ^ Affiliate 17 in Joudrey, Daniel Northward.; Taylor, Arlene G.; Miller, David P. (2015). Introduction to Cataloging and Classification (11th ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited/ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-59884-856-four.
  3. ^ "Dewey Services". OCLC. 2009. Retrieved Nov four, 2009. Offers library users familiarity and consistency of a time-honored classification organisation used in 200,000 libraries worldwide
  4. ^ "Countries with libraries that use the DDC". OCLC. 2009. Retrieved Nov 4, 2009. Libraries in more than 135 countries use the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature (DDC) system to organize their collections for their users. [135 countries are listed.]
  5. ^ Wiegand, Wayne A. (1996), Irrepressible reformer , Chicago: American Library Association, ISBN978-0838906804, OL 965418M, 083890680X
  6. ^ Krajewski, Markus (2011), Paper machines, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, ISBN9780262015899, OL 25075524M
  7. ^ a b Dewey, Melvil (1876), A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a .., [due south.north.], OCLC 78870163, OL 23422140M
  8. ^ Comaromi, John P. (1976), The xviii editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification, Albany, N.Y: Forest Press Division, Lake Placid Instruction Foundation, p. 43, ISBN978-0-910608-17-6, OL 4881898M
  9. ^ United States. Bureau of Education. (1876), Public libraries in the United states of america, Washington: Govt. Print. Off., pp. 623–648, OL 15138665M
  10. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 88
  11. ^ a b Comaromi (1976), p. 155
  12. ^ Dewey decimal nomenclature and relative index. Internet Archive. 1971. Retrieved Dec 14, 2013.
  13. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 171
  14. ^ a b c Chan, Lois Mai (2007), Cataloging and nomenclature (Third ed.), The Scarecrow Press, Inc., p. 321, ISBN978-0-8108-5944-nine, OL 9558667M, 0810859440
  15. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 218
  16. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 315
  17. ^ a b c "Timeline". OCLC. Retrieved December viii, 2013.
  18. ^ "Cutter Classification". Forbes Library Bailiwick Guides. Forbes Library. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  19. ^ Comaromi (1976), pp. 297–313
  20. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 321
  21. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 376
  22. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 381
  23. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 345
  24. ^ COMAROMI, JOHN P. (1975). The Historical Evolution of The Dewey Decimal Classification Organization. Graduate School of Library Science. Academy of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. hdl:2142/1778. ISBN9780878450442.
  25. ^ Chan (2007), pp. 321–323
  26. ^ Trotter, Ross (July 6, 1995). "Electronic Dewey: The CD-ROM Version of the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature". Cataloging & Classification Quarterly. nineteen (iii–4): 213–234. doi:ten.1300/J104v19n03_17. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  27. ^ Majumder, Apurba Jyoti; Gautam Sarma. "Webdewey: The Dewey Decimal Classification in The Web" (PDF). INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad, Planner 2007 [held at Gauhati University]. Retrieved Dec 15, 2013.
  28. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 416
  29. ^ Chan (2007), p. 323
  30. ^ Mitchell, Joan (Jan 24, 2013). "Michael Panzer named Editor-in-Primary of the Dewey Decimal Nomenclature arrangement". OCLC Press Release . Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  31. ^ "Announcing Dr. Rebecca Light-green as new Dewey Editorial Program Manager". 025.431: The Dewey web log . Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  32. ^ Dewey, Melvil (1922). Decimal classification and relative index for libraries and personal use. Lake Placid Club, Northward.Y.: Woods Press. p. ii. OCLC 1367992. OL 6648895M.
  33. ^ Comaromi (1976), p. 286
  34. ^ Luo, Michael (September 23, 2003). "Where Did Dewey File Those Law Books?". The New York Times . Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  35. ^ "OCLC and The Library Hotel settle trademark complaint". Library Technology Guides. October 24, 2003.
  36. ^ "Latest versions". OCLC. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  37. ^ "Dewey Print Editions". 025.431: The Dewey web log . Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  38. ^ "Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) - the Datahub". old.datahub.io . Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  39. ^ "Change to Dewey Web Services | OCLC Developer Network". www.oclc.org. June xv, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  40. ^ "Abridged". OCLC. 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  41. ^ Chan (2007), pp. 326–331
  42. ^ Chan (2007), p. 331
  43. ^ Chan (2007), pp. 333–362
  44. ^ a b OCLC. "Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification". Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  45. ^ United States. Office of Instruction. (1876), Public libraries in the U.s.a. of America, Washington: Govt. impress. off., p. 628, OL 23403373M
  46. ^ "A Cursory Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification". OCLC. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
  47. ^ Taylor, Insup; Wang Guizhi. "Library Systems in East Asia". McLuhan Studies . Retrieved Nov 16, 2013.
  48. ^ Kaplan, Tali Balas (Apr 17, 2012). "Done with Dewey". ALSC. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  49. ^ Fandino, Marta (2008). "UDC or DDC: A Notation About the Suitable Choice for the National Library of Liechtenstein" (PDF). Extensions and Corrections to the UDC . Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  50. ^ a b Clarke, Rachel Ivy (May 7, 2013). "Picturing Classification The Evolution and Use of Alternative Nomenclature in Dutch Public Libraries". Public Libraries Online . Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  51. ^ Fister, Barbara (Oct 1, 2009). "In the search for better browsability, librarians are putting Dewey in a dissimilar course". The Library Journal . Retrieved Feb ix, 2014.
  52. ^ McCarthy, Laena (January 2009). "New Classification Organisation for Public Libraries?". The Public Library Association Blog. Archived from the original on December xv, 2013. Retrieved Dec 15, 2013.
  53. ^ a b Sullivan, Doreen. "A brief history of homophobia in Dewey decimal nomenclature". Overland. Retrieved December xix, 2017.
  54. ^ "DDC - 200 - Religion". bpeck.com . Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  55. ^ "World'south Muslim Population Will Surpass Christians This Century, Pew Says". NPR . Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  56. ^ Olson, Promise (2002). The Power to Name. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Springer-Science+Business concern Medida, B.V. p. 22. ISBN9789048160846.
  57. ^ Olson, Hope (1998). "Mapping Beyond Dewey's Boundaries: Constructing Classificatory Infinite for Marginalized Knowledge Domains" (PDF). Library Trends. 47 (2): 233–254. Retrieved Jan 25, 2021.
  58. ^ a b c Olson 2002, p. viii.

External links [edit]

  • OCLC's Dewey Decimal website
  • Full text of Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Alphabetize online loan from the Internet Archive (various editions available)
  • Full text of A Classification and Bailiwick Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library (Dewey Decimal Classification) (1876) from Project Gutenberg
  • Book Manufacture Standards and Communications (BISAC) system

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification

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